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American Educator, Spring 2003

Volume 27, no. 1

The Early Catastrophe

The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3
Betty Hart, Todd R. Risley

Reading Comprehension Requires Knowledge—of Words and the World

E. D. Hirsch, Jr.

How Words Are Learned Incrementally Over Multiple Exposures

Steven A. Stahl

Oral Comprehension Sets the Ceiling on Reading Comprehension

Andrew Biemiller

Basal Readers

The Lost Opportunity to Build the Knowledge That Propels Comprehension
Kate Walsh

Filling the Great Void

Why We Should Bring Nonfiction into the Early-Grade Classroom
Nell K. Duke, V. Susan Bennett-Armistead, Ebony M. Roberts

Taking Delight in Words

Using Oral Language to Build Young Children's Vocabularies
Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown, Linda Kucan

Teacher Responses That Further Build Word Knowledge

Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown, Linda Kucan